Ragas and Microtonal Articulations in Indian Classical Music
अन्तरा
ANTARA
Between the Notes

Is the raga its notes? Or does it live in the bends, the oscillations, and the microtonal gestures that exist between fixed pitches. Let's explore and find out.

ArtistAbhinav K Jayan
ProgrammeFilmEU Resound · MA in Sound
RagasDarbari Kanada · Jog · Kafi
InterviewsPaulson K J · Abhay Nayampally
Scroll
Continuous pitch - meend Equal temperament - quantized
The Installation

Same melody. Different instruments.
एक स्वर, दो रूप।

Antara was presented at Carnegie Library, Dun Laoghaire, in a hall with high ceilings and wooden floors - 22 by 19 feet, 14 feet high. At the centre stood a freestanding double-sided structure carrying two paintings and two speakers, one facing each half of the room.

The paintings depicted Goddess Saraswati in two forms: one in fluid, curved brushwork mirroring the continuous motion of microtonal ornamentation; the other a cubist fragmentation of the same image. Beneath, a peacock blue silk saree was draped in a wave shape. The floor carried a maroon carpet with intricate symmetric patterns. Electric candles and lamps created the meditative atmosphere the music required.

Side A · बाँसुरी

Flute - Microtonal

Bansuri with full microtonal ornamentation. Meend, andolan, gamaka intact. The raga breathes through continuous pitch movement. The melody lives.

Side B · कीज़

Keys - Equal Temperament

The same melody on piano. Every note a fixed, equal-tempered point. No bends, no glides, no oscillation. The notes without their motion.

✦ ॐ ✦
Mural painting — Goddess Saraswati
Side A
Mural — Fluid & Continuous
Cubist painting — Goddess Saraswati
Side B
Cubist — Fragmented & Fixed
Listen · सुनिए
बाँसुरी
Flute — Microtonal
Listen on Drive ↗
कीज़
Keys — Discrete Notes
Listen on Drive ↗
वातावरण
Ambience — Tonal Drone
Listen on Drive ↗

A Z Game Audio Visualizer running in FL Studio changed the ambient light colour with each raga, giving a visual cue without naming what was playing. A screen showed interview footage. An iPad with GeoShred and a physical flute invited visitors to feel the difference themselves.

The Three Ragas · तीन राग

Each chosen for a different emotional world.

Three melodic frameworks from Indian classical music, each representing a distinct register and a different argument about what microtonal identity means.

I

Raga Darbari Kanada

दरबारी कानडा

Heavy, late-night, deeply serious. Its notes are almost identical to a Western major scale - yet it sounds nothing like one. Its identity rests entirely on the slow andolan of the flattened third and sixth. Remove those oscillations, and the raga disappears.

II

Raga Jog

राग जोग

Pentatonic and deeply touching, using both a flattened and natural third. Specific rules govern how notes are approached ascending versus descending. Those rules are what give Jog its distinctive feel.

III

Raga Kafi

राग काफी

A third emotional world, providing contrast against both the gravity of Darbari and the intimacy of Jog. Its microtonal character produced the most stark perceptual contrast between the two sides in audience responses.

Audience Response · श्रोताओं की प्रतिक्रिया

What twenty listeners heard.

Visitors completed structured response forms comparing the flute and keys sides across the three ragas. Twenty responses were collected. Seventeen respondents were musicians; three were non-musicians. Age range 25 to 66 years.

Emotion
0/20
Identified the flute side as more emotionally expressive
Pitch Bends
0/20
Clearly noticed pitch bending on the flute side
Age
0
Average age of respondents across all three ragas
Pitch Bending - Flute Side
Yes, clearly19
A little1
Not really0
Pitch Bending - Keys Side
Yes, clearly3
A little7
Not really10

The one-word responses produced the clearest evidence of divergent experience. The two vocabularies did not cross at all.

Flute Side - बाँसुरी
EmotionalMovingSpiritualTranscendentHumanBreathFluidWhisperingEtherealMysteriousCalmingDynamicMorningIntrospective
Keys Side - कीज़
MechanicalAnxiousStaticHarshDistantSharpCleanExperimentalTransientEar CandyJazzyLightExplorativeMechanics

Nobody used the word Human for the keys side. Nobody used Mechanical for the flute side. The same melody, played two ways, produced two vocabularies that never touched.

The Interviews · साक्षात्कार

Two musicians. Two traditions.
The same question.

Ninety-minute structured interviews with two practising musicians, each including live demonstrations. Both sessions are compiled into a single video document.

Hindustani Classical · Sitar · सितार

Paulson K J

Thrissur, Kerala, India
Carnatic Classical · Guitar · गिटार

Abhay Nayampally

Bengaluru, Karnataka · Disciple of U. Srinivas
▶
Combined interview film - Paulson K J & Abhay Nayampally
Conversations covering raga identity, the constitutive role of meend and andolan, the Carnatic gamaka system, and cross-traditional performance on non-traditional instruments.
Documents · दस्तावेज़

Supporting materials.

All research documents are available below.

About · परिचय

Abhinav K Jayan

Music producer and sound engineer pursuing an Erasmus Mundus Joint Masters in Sound through the FilmEU Resound programme, studying across Dublin, Lisbon, and Vilnius. Previously trained at FTII in sound recording and design.

Antara grew from a longstanding fascination with Indian classical music and the spaces between notes - the microtonal world that no Western notation system fully captures. This project was the first attempt to make that world audible to anyone willing to walk through it.

Get in touch ↗

abhinavkjayan005@gmail.com

@abhi_im_here On Social Media Platforms

Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia — Bansuri performances used as the basis for the flute-side composition.
Paulson K J - Hindustani Sitarist, Thrissur
Abhay Nayampally - Carnatic Guitarist, Bengaluru
Hrithwik Paresh - Cubist painting & interview editing
Deirdre Walsh - Carnegie Library, Dun Laoghaire
Stephen O Brien & Claire Burke - IADT
Conor Brennan - Course Coordinator
Alejandra · Diego · Pritom · Olivia
Prof. Adriana De Sa
Universidad Lusofona, Lisbon